Japanese+Landscape+Painting+with+Ink

=Japanese Lanscape Painting with Ink (Sumi-e) During the Tokugawa Period= Drew Haxton & Maeve Lemus

__A Brief Background on Sumie-e Painting__
- Landscape Painting is a 2,000 year old art form of Japanese brush painting - It is rooted in Zen Buddhism - The earliest paintings were inspired mostly by older Chinese paintings - Early Sumi-e artists were highly disciplined monks who were trained in the arts of concentration, clarity and simplicity in order to help them in their visual arts - Throughout history, landscape art has been held in high esteem and became a common way for artists to express the values of the Samuri Code (aka "Bushido") - Landscape is referred to as 'Sansui' in Japanese--'San' meaning mountain, 'sui' meaning water
 * Therefore, a large majority of landscape paintings have mountains and water; often times the moon or sun was painted to represent the natural truths of each painting

__Themes and Common Characteristics in Lanscape Paintings__

 * "Shiki-e" which are the landscapes painted during the four seasons
 * "Meisho-e" which are the views and different perspectives of famous spots in Japan
 * "Nanban-byobu" which are the images of Westerners in paintings, influenced after the Portuguese and Dutch arrived in Japan
 * "Monogatari-e" which are paintings depicting the scenes of the imperial court at Edo
 * "Kabuki-e" which are scenes from kabuki theater plays
 * "Bijinga" which are paintings of beautiful, Japanese women

__Famous Sumi-e Artists__
Kose Kanoaka (9th Century): Painted landscapes and portraits that were mostly influenced by that of the Chinese T'ang Dynasty styles and methods of art Josetsu (1414-1463): Suiboku painter, most likely also the teacher of Tensho Shubun Tensho Shubun (1420-1506): A famous Sumi-e painter Shingei (1431-1485): A yamato-e ink painter, also referred to as Geiami Soami (d. 1525): One of the first nanga painters, also painted landscapes Yosa Buson (1716-1784): perfected the nanga style of painting, also known for being a renowned poet Ike no Taiga (1723-1776): helped Buson perfect the nanga style

__Reflection on Japanese Society__
Lancape painting helped Zen Buddhism regain popularity in Japan Once the shogunate was established there was a long period of peace in Japan. The landscape art reflects this peace as it depicts the beauty of the land rather than battles. The Japanese showed respect towards the pwer of nature which was reflect in their paintings. Since the Japanese isolated themselves to the outside world, there were no outside influences, making Tokugawa art unique.

Hanging ink scroll circa 1790 by Ki Baitei

Hanging ink scroll of a Japanese landscape from the late 17th century by Kanô Chikanobu

Six-fold screens in ink of Japanese fishermen, circa 18th century by Kanô Motoaki

Hanging ink scroll entitled __Autumn Landscape after Taiga__, circa 1827 by Tanomura Chikuden

Hanging ink scroll entitled __Early Summer Mountains in the Rain,__ circa 1826 by Tani Buncho

__Some Terms to Know__
Suiboku-- Also called "Suiboku-ga." It is a Japanese monochrome ink painting that was taken to Japan from China during the mid-14 century by Zen Buddhist monks. Yamato-e--The paintings of Japanese subjects as opposed to Kara-e, which was the paintings of Chinese subjects Naga (painter)--means "Southern painting" in Japanese, these paintings were based on Chinese models

Japanese ink sumi-e on rice paper

[|Japanese Ink Art] This website covers the use of ink paintings in Japan with much detail. It focuses not on a single period in Japan's history but the art as a whole.

[|Tokugawa Art] This website gives an overview of Tokugawa culture and relates it to the art that was created during this period.

__Sources:__
Ghelue, Nadja V. "Japanese Landscape Paintings in Zen Style." //Japanese Landscape Paintings in Zen-like Boneless Style//. 2000. Web. Mar. 2012. . "Interesting Facts & Information: Tourism, Travel, Culture, Language, Business, People. Â» Blog Archive Â» Japanese Art Landscape." //Interesting Facts & Information: Tourism, Travel, Culture, Language, Business, People. Â» Blog Archive Â» Japanese Art Landscape//. 2004. Web. Mar. 2012. . "Japanese Landscape Paintings." //Japanese Landscape Paintings, Paintings of Japanese Landscapes//. Web. Mar. 2012. []. "Collection." //Autumn Landscape after Taiga, (1827) by Tanomura CHIKUDEN//. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. . "Collection." //Early Summer Mountains in the Rain, (1826) by Tani BUNCHÃ//. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. . "Collection." //Landscape, (circa 1790) by Ki BAITEI//. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. . "Collection." //Landscape, (18th Century) by KanÃ´ MOTOAKI//. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. . "Collection." //Landscape, (late 17th Century-18th Century) by KanÃ´ CHIKANOBU//. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. . "Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History." //Art of the Edo Period (1615Â1868)//. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. . "Nuances of Black and White." //Japanese Ink Art//. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. . Paine, Robert Treat, and Alexander Coburn Soper. //The Art and Architecture of Japan//. Baltimore: Penguin, 1955. Print. Swann, Peter C. //The Art of Japan, from the Jōmon to the Tokugawa Period//. New York: Crown, 1966. Print. "Tokugawa Art." //Indiana University//. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. .